东亚飞蝗耐高温能力及其体温调节行为

为明确东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis的耐高温能力和体温调节行为, 采用高温饲养、提供辐射热源和风力等方法, 对东亚飞蝗各发育期的高温耐受能力、体温（body temperature, Tb）与环境温度（air temperature, Ta）和辐射温度（radiant temperature, Tr）的关系、飞蝗对辐射热的选择行为、体温升高速率以及辐射角度和风力对体温的影响进行了研究。结果表明: 东亚飞蝗44℃下饲养, LT90 最长为326.4 h; 50℃下, LT90可达20.6 h。无辐射热条件下, Tb随Ta的上升而升高, 当Ta升至32℃, 蝗虫出现体温调节行为; Ta以0.5℃/min速率上升时, 出现体温波动的个体数占试虫总数的53.7%, Tb平均波动温差为1.15℃, 平均波动时间为5.2 min, Tb平均波动起始温度为47.2℃, 成虫致死时间略长于若虫。有辐射热条件下, 随笼顶辐射温度的逐渐升高, 飞蝗趋向选择温度相对较低的笼底, 试虫体温调节较无辐射热条件下强; 辐射角度和风力均对飞蝗的体温有显著影响。结果显示东亚飞蝗对高温的耐受能力较强, 并且具有明显的体温调节行为, 可调节体温达到最佳生理状态。

High temperature tolerance and thermoregulation behavior of the oriental migratory locust,Locusta migratoria manilensis(Orthoptera:Acrididae)

To clarify the ability of high temperature tolerance and thermoregulation behavior of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis,we adopted the methods of high-temperature breeding and offering radiant heat and wind to research the high temperature tolerance of the locust at different developmental stages, the relationship between body temperature (Tb) and air temperature (Ta) and radiant temperature (Tr) , choosing behavior of locusts to radiant heat, the increasing velocity of Tb and the effects of radiant angle and wind power to Tb. The results showed that LT_(90) reached 326.4 h at 44℃ and 20.6 h at 50℃, respectively. In the condition without radiant heat, Tb increased with Ta. Locusts showed thermoregulation behavior when Ta was raised to 32℃. When Ta was raised at the velocity of 0.5℃/min, the percentage of individuals with temperature undulation was 53.7% , the average undulation range of Tb was 1.15℃, the average undulation time was 5.2 min and the average initiative undulation of Tb was 47.2℃. The lethal time of adults was longer than that of nymphs. In the condition with radiant heat, locusts inclined to choose the bottom of cage when the radiant temperature of the top was raised gradually; thermoregulation behavior was stronger than that in the condition without radiant heat. Under different radiant angles and different wind levels and illumination combinations, locusts displayed significant differences in Tb. The results indicate that Locusta migratoria manilensis has obvious high temperature tolerance and thermoregulation behavior which can adjust Tb to the best physiological condition.