影响白蜡虫泌蜡主要气候因子及白蜡虫生态适应性分析

白蜡虫是一种具有重要经济价值的资源昆虫，其生态适应性问题长期存在争议。本文对四川 峨嵋、云南昆明、昭通等地白蜡虫自然种群生态学和泌蜡生态特性进行了对比研究。泌蜡与 种群死亡率的研究结果证实，在不利于种群生长的环境中白蜡虫的泌蜡量较高，死亡率也高； 而在适生环境中的泌蜡量较低，死亡率较低。故认为，传统上以白蜡虫泌蜡量的高低来作为适应生态环境的判断标准是不适合的。本文还从白蜡虫泌蜡生态适应性的角度分析了“高山产虫、低山产蜡”的原因，讨论了白蜡虫的生态适应性，得出白蜡虫适生区域主要生态指标为：年均温11℃～16℃，雨量800～1 200 mm／a，年相对湿度75％左右，年光照时数为1 900～2 500 h／a。提出白蜡虫泌蜡是其为适应环境的一种自身的保护性反应和生态对策，是对不良环境的一种抵御性反应。

The main climate factors affecting wax excretion of Ericerus pela Chavannes(Homopetera: Coccidae)and an analysis of its ecological adaptability

Chinese white wax scale，Ericerus pela Chavannes, is an important resource insect that excretes white wax with economic value. The ecological adaptability of this scale has been disputed for a long time. In this paper, the wax excretion mechanism of E. pela was studied depending on the wax excretion and ecological observation of this scale in Emei mountain of Sichuan province, and Kunming and Zhaotong of Yunnan province. The results showed that both the wax excretion amount and the mortality of E. pela in severe environment were higher than those in normal environment. So wax excretion amount was not a appropriate index for evaluating the ecological adaptability of the scale as traditionally considered. The reasons of breeding reproductive females in high mountain areas and producing white wax in low mountain areas were analyzed also in this paper. The areas suitable for the growth of the scale had the following climatic conditions: the annual average temperature was 11℃-16℃, the annual rain fall 800-1 200 mm/a, the annual relative humidity about 75％ and the annual light hour 1 900-2 500 h/a. The results suggested that wax excretion of E. pela was an ecological strategy and a protective response to severe environment.