十二种沫蝉的染色体研究 (同翅目： 沫蝉总科)

观察了同翅目头喙亚目12种沫蝉雄性的染色体数目和减数分裂行为。通过对沫蝉总科现有核型资料的分析，认为沫蝉总科的核型特点是：①染色体较小，数目较多，总科内染色体数目变化范围较大，众数为2n=26（24+XO）；②染色体的易位现象极为普遍，因此可以推测，通过染色体的易位导致染色体数目增加是核型进化的主要机制；③减数分裂前期Ⅰ具有典型的花束期，但没有弥散期。因此从精子发生来看沫蝉总科与叶蝉总科、角蝉总科和蝉总科的关系更为密切，而与蜡蝉总科的关系较远。头喙亚目的亲缘关系可能是：蜡蝉总科+{蝉总科+［沫蝉总科+（叶蝉总科+角蝉总科）］}。

Meioses in twelve species of Cercopoidea (Insecta: Homoptera) from China

Meioses in twelve species of Chinese spittle bugs were studied. The results indicated that their chromosome numbers are varied from 2n=16 to 30, and sex determination are all XO type. Karyotype characteristics of Cercopoidea are that: (1) Chromosome volumes are small, chromosome numbers are much varied, most  species have higher chromosome numbers, and the predominant type is 2n=26(24+XO). (2) Translocation occurs very frequently. Fragmentation induced by translocation to increase chromosome numbers may be the main mechanism of karyotype evolution in this superfamily. (3) Prophase Ⅰ during meiosis has typical bouquet stage but without diffuse stage, similar to Cicadelloidea, Membracoidea and Cicadoidea, but different from Fulgoroidea. The relationship of superfamilies in Auchenorrhyncha may be Fulgoroidea +{Cicadoidea+［Cercopoidea+ Cicadelloidea+Membracoidea)］}.