国际蝗虫灾害的防治策略和技术：现状与展望

简要地综述了国际上对蝗虫灾害管理策略与控制技术的发展现状，包括：监测与预警技术、化学防治、生物防治、综合管理对策以及目前的研究热点方向。比较分析了国际、国内蝗虫发生及其治理中存在问题的异同。国际上控制蝗虫灾害的理论、技术、措施、对策，对中国有重要的借鉴作用。一般来说, 控制蝗虫灾害的IPM计划中应该包括：在策略上，强调提前预防压制优于后期灭杀处理；在规律认识上，重视基础生物学和生态学的研究，并将之模型化和标准化；在测报方法上，积极发展和改善监测预警技术水平，将地理信息系统(GIS）和遥感（RS）技术集成引入到防治决策的整体系统中，使信息能够快速、准确地传递；在防治手段上，注意新型防治药剂和施药技术的研究开发和集成，增加用药效果；在天敌利用和环境保护方面，充分认识和评估自然天敌的控制作用，正确地估计防治效益和挽回的损失，重视对环境价值的评价；同时加强多个地区间的联合与协调。

Management strategies and control techniques for locust and grasshopper plagues around the world: status and perspectives

This paper reviews the present status of control techniques and management strategies for locust and grasshopper plagues throughout the world. The discussion focuses on monitoring and forecasting, chemical control, biological control, IPM strategies, research direction,and so on. The similarities and differences in management strategies and control techniques for locusts and grasshopper plagues between China and overseas were compared. It was concluded that there are many similar problems and requirements for controlling locust and grasshopper plagues in China and abroad, for instance, environmental protection, economics and politics, biodiversity conservation, monitoring techniques, and biological control. Research and overseas experience shared are of tremendous benefit to the sustainable management of locust and grasshopper plagues in China. In general, there are six essential aspects in developing an IPM approach to controlling locust and grasshopper plagues: (1) emphasizing prevention strategies; (2) taking the basic research on biology and ecology seriously; (3) implementing and improving forecasting and monitoring technologies with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques; (4) exploring novel and environmentally benign locust control technologies; (5) evaluating novel and existing control technologies for their environmental impact and efficacy; and (6) organizing coordinated activity in all regions where locusts and grasshoppers should be controlled.