不同温度下康氏粉蚧实验种群生命表

为了探索温度对康氏粉蚧Pseudococcus comstocki发育和繁殖的影响， 经室内实验， 建立了康氏粉蚧在17℃，20℃，23℃，26℃，29℃和32℃下的实验种群生命表。结果表明： 在17~29℃温度范围内， 随着温度的升高康氏粉蚧的世代发育历期缩短， 在17℃下雌雄世代的发育历期最长（分别为121.27 d和89.64 d）， 而29℃时仅分别为52.10 d和36.01 d，且其温度与发育速率的关系符合 Logistic模型。雌虫世代的发育起点温度为8.69℃， 有效积温为1 020.90日·度； 雄虫世代的发育起点温度为10.27℃， 有效积温为659.04日·度。在26℃时， 康氏粉蚧的世代存活率最高(81.94%)， 种群趋势指数(I)也最高(322.27)， 有利于种群增长； 而在17℃和29℃， 康氏粉蚧的世代存活率分别为64.85%和67.23%， 种群趋势指数(I)分别为69.91和42.19， 且32℃时康氏粉蚧1龄若虫生长停滞。说明高温和低温都不利于康氏粉蚧的种群增长， 且高温的影响大于低温。

Life table of the experimental population of Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), at different temperatures

In order to explore the effects of temperature on the population growth of Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki, the life table of the experimental population of P. comstocki at six different temperatures (17℃, 20℃, 23℃, 26℃, 29℃ and 32℃) was constructed. The results showed that the generation duration decreased with the temperature increasing from 17℃ to 29℃. The longest generation durations of females and males were 121.27 d and 89.64 d at 17℃, respectively, while the shortest were 52.10 d and 36.01 d at 29℃, respectively, and the relationship between the development and temperature could be simulated by the Logistic model. The developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of females were 8.69℃, and 1 020.90 day-degrees, and those of males were 10.27℃ and 659.04 day-degrees, respectively. At 26℃, the survival rate and population trend index were the highest, being 81.94% and 322.27, respectively. The temperature of 26℃ was the most suitable for the population growth. While at 17℃and 29℃, the survival rates were 64.85％and 67.23％, and the population trend indexes were 69.91 and 42.19, respectively. At 32℃, growth retardation appeared in the 1st instar nymphs. It is concluded that high and low temperatures are not suitable for the population growth of P. comstocki and high temperatures have stronger effects than low temperatures.