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Aerobic granular sludge: recent advances
Authors:Adav Sunil S  Lee Duu-Jong  Show Kuan-Yeow  Tay Joo-Hwa
Institution:Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:Aerobic granulation, a novel environmental biotechnological process, was increasingly drawing interest of researchers engaging in work in the area of biological wastewater treatment. Developed about one decade ago, it was exciting research work that explored beyond the limits of aerobic wastewater treatment such as treatment of high strength organic wastewaters, bioremediation of toxic aromatic pollutants including phenol, toluene, pyridine and textile dyes, removal of nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate and nuclear waste and adsorption of heavy metals. Despite this intensive research the mechanisms responsible for aerobic granulation and the strategy to expedite the formation of granular sludge, and effects of different operational and environmental factors have not yet been clearly described. This paper provides an up-to-date review on recent research development in aerobic biogranulation technology and applications in treating toxic industrial and municipal wastewaters. Factors affecting granulation, granule characterization, granulation hypotheses, effects of different operational parameters on aerobic granulation, response of aerobic granules to different environmental conditions, their applications in bioremediations, and possible future trends were delineated. The review attempts to shed light on the fundamental understanding in aerobic granulation by newly employed confocal laser scanning microscopic techniques and microscopic observations of granules.
Keywords:AGSBR  aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor  AOB  ammonium oxidizing bacteria  AUFB  aerobic upflow fluidized bed  CLSM  confocal laser scanning microscope  COD  chemical oxygen demand  Con A  concanavalin A  DO  dissolved oxygen  EEM  excitation–emission matrix  EPS  extracellular polymeric substances  FISH  fluorescence in situ hybridization  FITC  fluorescein-isothiocyanate  GAO  glycogen non-polyphosphate-accumulating organisms  MBR  membrane bioreactor  MLSS  mixed liquor suspended solids  MTBE  methyl t-butyl ether  NOB  nitrite oxidizing bacteria  OLR  organic loading rate  PAO  polyphosphate-accumulating organisms  PNP  p-nitrophenol  SEM  scanning electron microscope  SBR  sequencing batch reactor  SG  specific gravity  SOUR  specific oxygen utilization rate  SRT  solid retention time  SS  suspended solids  SVI  sludge volume index  UASB  upflow anaerobic sludge blanket  VSS  volatile suspended solids
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