Dendroid morphology and growth patterns: 3-D computed tomographic reconstruction |
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| Authors: | Jason Howell Jusun Woo Sung Kwun Chough |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Earth Science Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;5. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;1. Institute for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany;2. Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitatsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany;3. ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77098-1806, USA;4. Faculty of Science and Techniques, University of Errachidia, BP 509, 52000 Boutalamine-Errachidia, Morocco;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea;2. Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;2. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the growth patterns of dendrolite in the Zhangxia Formation (Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China, using the technique of 3-D computed tomographic reconstruction. Dendroids are classified into V-dendroids, columnar dendroids, and arborescent dendroids, based on morphological characteristics. The means of interconnection between dendroids are classified into trunks, nodules, shoots, and fingers. Stacking and tiering control the gross morphology and structural framework of dendrolite. Stacking is a process of vertical growth, in which V-dendroids create a staircase-like structure. Tiering occurs when a layer of dendroids is covered by sediment, and then partially eroded, allowing a new layer of dendroids to form.A comprehensive blueprint of the structural divisions of dendrolite is presented, according to scale, being divided into micro-, meso-, macro-, and megastructures. The mesostructure, which includes individual dendroids and their combined structures, is subsequently divided into primary (V-dendroid), secondary (columnar and arborescent dendroid), and tertiary (stair and tier) structures and a basic growth model is provided for V-dendroids. The stages of V-dendroid growth are: 1) trunk extension and base expansion, 2) divergence, 3) expansion and convergence, followed by repetition of stages 2 and 3, until 4) growth completion, followed by the subsequent emergence of a new dendroid by either stacking or tiering. This development of systematically ordered structures is suggestive of the reaction of microbial colonies to external environmental conditions. |
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