金丝猴(RHINOPITHECUS)肌肉系统某些特征的比较研究

本文对金丝猴与其他灵长类之间和三种金丝猴之间特征不同的56条肌作了比较研究。结果表明:三种金丝猴的肌肉系统存在一些差异。纠正了Patterson(1942)对一例川金丝猴的一些错误观察记录。在金丝猴属的肌学方面除与猴超科共有的大部分特征外,还具有与类人猿和人相似的特征。在猴类中,金丝猴的肌肉系统更多地与叶猴相似,其中一些特征较叶猴更为进化。从进化观点看,金丝猴的肌学特征似介于叶猴与类人猿之间,故它们比其他猴超科动物更为进化。

THE COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MUSCULATURE OF RHINOPITHECUS~1)

The different characteristics of 56 musculi in Rhinopithecus were dealt with for com-parative research. There are some differences between the muscular systems of three species of snub-nosed monkey. The major features of the myology of these animals, except that of anthropoid and human, share with Cercopithecoidea. In Ceropithecoidea, the muscular sys-tem of Rhinopithecus is more similar to that of leaf monkey than that of other species and some characteristics of them are more advanced than that of other monkeys. In the sense of the evolution, the myology characteristics of golden monkey are between leaf monkey and apes, so these species are relatively more advanced than other species of Cercopithecoidea. The conclusions are summarized below.1. Though some of the characteristics of muscular system in three species of Rhinopi-thecus are mostly homologous, there are also some differences among them.2. According to our observations, the results slightly differ from that found by Patter-son (1942) in R. roxellanae. It is possibly diffferent in animals themselves. But some results of patterson's obviously belong to noting mistakes, because these results gained by us from three species of Rhinopithecus are all identical.3. Most of the myology characteristics are similar to that of other species in Cercopithe-coidea, but some of the features resemble that of ape and human being and differ from other monkeys. It indicates that Rhinopithecus is more advanced than other animals of Cercopithe-coidea.4. The myology characteristics of Rhinopithecus are mainly similar to those of leaf mon-key and some of them show much more development than those of leaf monkey. If leaf mon-key occupies intermediate position between Old World monkeys and gibbon in the phylogeny as it was shown by Ayer (1948) in Semnopithecus entellus, we consider that in terms of the myology characteristics, Rhinopithecus must occupy the position between leaf monkey and gib-bon.