江豚小肾及肾小球的测量和计数研究

作者做了江豚的小肾和肾小球的测量和计数,首次报道了肾小球总数及体积。长江标本和黄海沿岸标本的小肾数量和直径,肾小球数量和体积都没有显著差异,说明其小肾化程度和肾小球数目与环境盐度不直接相关。江豚的肾小球数量和体积都比体重与之相近的陆生兽类大得多。鲸类由于水生生活,新陈代谢较高,因而其肾的小肾化可能与排泄量大有关系。

ON THE MEASUREMENT AND ENUMERATION OF RENICULI AND GLOMERULI OF NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES

Measurement and enumeration of renculi and glomeruli were made on the kidneys of 21 finless porpoises, Neophocaena phocaenoides. Of which, 11 of the Yellow Sea coastal specimens were taken from the Yellow Sea off the coast of Jiangsu Province and 13 of the Yangtze specimens from the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The two kinds of specimens of this porpoise differ from each other in external appearance. The mean number of glomeruli is 3.26 million and the volume of glomeruli per gram of kidney is 232 mm3. They were both much larger than those of terrestrial mammals of about the equal size, but no differences were found between these two kinds of specimens in the number and size of renculi and glomeruli. This shows that the number and size of renculi and glomeruli were not directly correlated with the salinity of the environment. For the reasons that cetaceans have high metabolic rate and do not have other accessory excreting organs besides kidney, we suggest that the main cause of the reniculation was to enlarge the renal functional surface so as to meet with the need of excreting.