Male Mating Tactics in Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): The Influence of Dominance, Markets, and Relationship Quality |
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Authors: | Jorg J M Massen Anne M Overduin-de Vries Annemiek J M de Vos-Rouweler Berry M Spruijt Gaby G M Doxiadis Elisabeth H M Sterck |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands;(2) Ethology Research, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands;(3) Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Male mating success in a multimale–multifemale group can depend on several variables: body condition, dominance, coalitions,
“friendship,” or an exchange of services for mating access. Exchange patterns may also be determined by market effects or
social relationships. We studied the mating tactics of males in a captive, multimale–multifemale group of rhesus macaques
and the resulting patterns of mating and paternity to determine the influence of dominance rank, mating markets, and relationship
quality on their mating tactics. Male rank was positively related to the total number of copulations and the number of mating
partners, but did not explain male mating distribution completely. Moreover, male fertilization success was not related to
male rank. Males did not exchange grooming for mating access on the same day and neither the supply nor the rank (as a proxy
for quality) of receptive females affected the amount of male grooming, suggesting that market effects did not explain male
mating access. However, there was a positive correlation between long-term grooming patterns of both males and females and
mating access, indicating that social relationships were important for male mating access. Paternity data revealed that these
social relationships were also important for male reproductive success. We conclude that both male rank and male–female “friendship”
determined male mating access in these rhesus macaques, but that “friendship” was more important in determining paternity,
emphasizing the importance of intersex social bonds in male mating success in multimale primate societies. |
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