小麦SSR和EST-SSR引物对无芒雀麦的通用性分析

无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss.)具有营养价值高、产量大、利用季节长、耐寒耐旱、适应性强等优良品质。为了解小麦SSR和EST-SSR引物在亲缘植物无芒雀麦中的通用性,本研究选用位于普通小麦7个部分同源群的203对SSR引物和46对EST-SSR引物对无芒雀麦基因组DNA进行了扩增。结果显示:有137对(67.49%)SSR和30对(65.22%)EST-SSR引物对无芒雀麦可以有效扩增,平均扩增条带数分别为2.8和2.5,即小麦SSR和EST-SSR引物在无芒雀麦中具有较高的通用性;研究还发现,来自小麦B基因组和第5同源群染色体的引物在无芒雀麦中的有效扩增比率和平均扩增条带数最低。据此推断,小麦B基因组和第5同源群染色体可能与无芒雀麦基因组的亲缘关系较远。该研究对开发无芒雀麦基因组的特异分子标记、进行遗传多样性分析和功能基因定位等具有一定的参考价值。

Primer Transferability Analysis on SSR and EST-SSR Markers from Triticum aestivum to Bromus inermis

Bromus inermis Leyss. （bromegrass） is a species of the Bromeae tribe, Poaceae. It has the advantages of high nutritional value, high yield, strong adaptability, and long growing season, and it is tolerant to abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salinity, and infertile soils. In this paper, 203 pairs of SSR and 46 pairs of EST-SSR primers, designed from genomes A, B, and D of Triticum aestivum, were employed to evaluate primer transferability in the genomes of B. inermis. Results showed that 137 （67.49%） pairs of SSR and 30 （65.22%） pairs of EST-SSR primers were successfully amplified in the genomic DNA of B. inermis. The average numbers of bands per primer in B. inermis were 2.8 for SSR primers and 2.5 for EST-SSR primers. This indicated that a higher transferability of SSR and EST-SSR primers might exist between T. aestivum and B. inermis. The study also found that primers from genome B and homologous chromosome group 5 of T. aestivum had the lowest effective amplification ratio and average amplified bands in B. inermis, which suggested that genome B and homologous chromosome group 5 of T. aestivum might have a homologous relationship with the genomes of B. inermis. This research has certain reference value to exploit the specific genetic marker, and estimate the genetic diversity of B. inermis.