微塑料附着微生物研究进展

近年来，微塑料引起的环境污染已经成为一个全球性的问题，在海洋环境中，微生物可以附着于微塑料表面形成生物被膜。已有研究表明生物被膜可以为生活在其内部的细菌提供保护，被膜中可能富集了对人体或者水生生物有害的致病菌，且频繁的基因交流可能产生更多耐药菌。微塑料表面附着的微生物，能借助大洋环流随微塑料在海洋中迁徙，进而可能引起微生物入侵事件的发生。主要对微塑料与生物被膜之间的相互作用、微塑料与附着在其表面的塑料降解菌、微塑料与致病菌、微塑料对微生物迁徙的影响，以及微塑料表面生物被膜中耐药基因的扩散进行综述，对微塑料附着微生物未来研究方向进行了展望，为更好地了解海洋微塑料污染提供参考。

Advances in Microorganism Attached to Microplastics

Recently, environmental pollution caused by microplastics has become a global issue. Microorganisms can attach to the surface of microplastics to form biofilms in the marine environment. Studies have shown that biofilm can provide protection for bacteria living inside. Biofilm may accumulate pathogenic bacteria harmful to human or aquatic organisms. Frequent gene exchange in biofilm may produce more drug-resistant bacteria. Microorganisms attached to the surface of microplastics can migrate with microplastics in the ocean by means of ocean circulation, which may cause microbial invasion. In this paper, the interaction between microplastics and biofilm, microplastics and plastic degradable bacteria attached to the surface micorplastics, microplastics and marine pathogenic bacteria, the influence of microplastics on microbial migration and the diffusion of drug-resistant genes in microplastics biofilm were reviewed, and future research direction of microplastics attached microorganisms was prospected, so as to provide reference for better understanding of microplastics pollution in the ocean.