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Dietary natural products as emerging lipoprotein(a)-lowering agents |
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| Authors: | Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni Niki Katsiki Matteo Pirro Maciej Banach Khalid Al Rasadi Amirhossein Sahebkar |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;2. Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;4. Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland;5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman;6. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran |
| Abstract: | Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hitherto, niacin has been the drug of choice to reduce elevated Lp(a) levels in hyperlipidemic patients but its efficacy in reducing CVD outcomes has been seriously questioned by recent clinical trials. Additional drugs may reduce to some extent plasma Lp(a) levels but the lack of a specific therapeutic indication for Lp(a)-lowering limits profoundly reduce their use. An attractive therapeutic option is natural products. In several preclinical and clinical studies as well as meta-analyses, natural products, including l -carnitine, coenzyme Q 10, and xuezhikang were shown to significantly decrease Lp(a) levels in patients with Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia. Other natural products, such as pectin, Ginkgo biloba, flaxseed, red wine, resveratrol and curcuminoids can also reduce elevated Lp(a) concentrations but to a lesser degree. In conclusion, aforementioned natural products may represent promising therapeutic agents for Lp(a) lowering. |
| Keywords: | cardiovascular disease coenzyme Q10 l-carnitine lipoprotein(a) natural products nutraceuticals resveratrol |