Tumor microenvironment: Interactions and therapy |
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| Authors: | Masoud Najafi Nasser Hashemi Goradel Bagher Farhood Eniseh Salehi Somaye Solhjoo Heidar Toolee Ebrahim Kharazinejad Keywan Mortezaee |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Anatomy, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran;6. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a host for a complex network of heterogeneous stromal cells with overlapping or opposing functions depending on the dominant signals within this milieu. Reciprocal paracrine interactions between cancer cells with cells within the tumor stroma often reshape the TME in favor of the promotion of tumor. These complex interactions require more sophisticated approaches for cancer therapy, and, therefore, advancing knowledge about dominant drivers of cancer within the TME is critical for designing therapeutic schemes. This review will provide knowledge about TME architecture, multiple signaling, and cross communications between cells within this milieu, and its targeting for immunotherapy of cancer. |
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| Keywords: | cancer-associated fibroblast cancer cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte exosome extracellular matrix hypoxia immunosuppression interaction (cross-talk) regulatory T tumor microenvironment tumor-associated macrophage |
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