Multigene phylogenetic analysis reveals non-monophyly of Anisakis s.l. and Pseudoterranova (Nematoda: Anisakidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. Department of Health, Miquel Martí i Pol Institute, Generalitat de Catalunya, Verge de Montserrat 51, 08940, Cornellà de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain;1. Department of Immunity and Biochemistry, Institute of Parasitic Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China;3. Division of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China;4. Section of Environmental Parasitology, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;2. Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viale dell''Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;3. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy;4. Federpesca, Roma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The nematode genera Anisakis s.l. and Pseudoterranova (Anisakidae) include causative agents of anisakiasis and pseudoterranovosis, parasitic diseases resulting from eating undercooked or raw fish or squid. Species in both genera have thus attracted considerable attention especially in public health and taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic relationships of these genera within the subfamily Anisakinae, however, remain to be investigated with dense taxonomic sampling. In this study, we collected an anisakid third-stage larva, and identified it morphologically and molecularly as Pseudoterranova ceticola. Phylogeny of 15 anisakine species, including the newly collected specimen of Ps. ceticola, was reconstructed based on sequences of three mitochondrial (cox1, cox2, and 12S rRNA) and two nuclear (ITS and 28S rRNA) regions. The obtained tree suggested the non-monophyly of Anisakis s.l. and Pseudoterranova. Anisakis s.l. was divided into two groups, which are distinguished from each other by the shape of the ventriculus. Based on phylogenetic relationships and morphology, three species with a shorter ventriculus (“A.” brevispiculata, “A.” paggiae, and “A.” physeteris) were assigned to the genus Skrjabinisakis, as recently proposed. Pseudoterranova ceticola was distantly related to the monophyletic Ps. decipiens species complex. Although the phylogenetic position of the type species Ps. kogiae has not been investigated due to a lack of sequence data, this species may morphologically and ecologically resemble Ps. ceticola, inferring a close kinship between the two species. |
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