变化环境下火干扰研究进展

火是地球系统的重要过程，也是一种剧烈的环境干扰因素。火是生态系统变化的驱动力和催化剂，调节着生态系统的结构和功能，同时反馈给气候系统。近年来，世界多个国家相继爆发了历史上罕见的极端火事件，使得火干扰、气候变化和人类活动之间的相互作用关系得到了空前的关注。主要从3个方面回顾了变化环境下火干扰研究的进展，包括(1)火干扰的时空格局；(2)火干扰的驱动机制；(3)火干扰的生态效应。概括起来，遥感技术的发展使得火监测精度不断提高，对火时空格局的刻画由过去侧重火燃烧面积单一因素转向具有多重属性的火干扰体系。气候变化和人类活动共同决定着火干扰的分布格局、频率和强度，考虑气候的季节性能够提高火干扰的预测能力。火干扰调节着生态系统的草木平衡，对于生物多样性和生境的维持非常重要。此外，火干扰通过生物质燃烧释放的大量温室气体影响大气组成和空气质量，同时通过改变地表状况和陆-气相互作用来影响气候系统。正确理解气候-植被-火之间的相互作用和反馈机制有助于未来火干扰体系的预测。随着高温、大风、干旱等极端气候事件增多，未来全球大部分区域火发生的风险增加，但是人类活动可能会使火和气候之间的关系发生解耦。可持续的火管...

Research progress on fire disturbance in a changing environment

Fire is an essential component of the Earth system and a severe environmental disturbance factor. Fire is an important driver and catalyst for ecosystem changes, which regulates the structure and function of the ecosystem and provides feedback to regional and global climate systems. In recent years, extreme fire events that are rare in history have erupted in many countries around the world, drawing unprecedented attention to the interaction between fire disturbance, climate change, and human activities. This paper mainly reviews the progress of fire disturbance research in a changing environment from three aspects, including (1) spatiotemporal patterns of fire disturbance; (2) driving mechanisms of fire disturbance; (3) ecological effects of fire disturbance. In summary, state-of-the-art remote sensing technology has greatly improved the accuracy of fire monitoring, and the portrayal of the spatiotemporal pattern of fire has shifted from focusing on a single factor of fire burned area to the fire regime with multiple attributes. Climate change and human activities jointly determine the pattern, frequency, and intensity of fire disturbance. Taking into account the seasonality of climate can improve the prediction ability of the global fire system. Fires play an important role in regulating the competition between herbaceous and woody vegetation and thus are very important for biodiversity and habitat maintenance. In addition, fire disturbance affects the atmospheric composition and air quality through the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases from biomass burning, while impacting the climate system by altering land surface conditions and affecting land-atmosphere interactions. A better understanding of the interactions and feedback of climate-vegetation-fire can facilitate the prediction of fire regimes. In the future climate scenario, increases in extreme climate events, such as high temperatures, strong winds, and droughts, create a fire-prone environment. Although an increased risk of fire disturbances in most parts of the world, human activity may decouple the relationship between fire and climate. Sustainable fire management should fully integrate ecological knowledge and indigenous fire culture to reduce the risk of extreme fires, with the goal of protecting biodiversity, maintaining vital ecosystem services, and mitigating climate change.