通辽市草地蝗虫物种多样性及分布研究

为蝗虫预测与综合防治提供参考,应用五点取样法、昆虫分类学和相关动物地理学方法对通辽各地蝗虫物种多样性及其分布进行研究。通辽共分布蝗总科7科12亚科37种,以斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae物种最多(14种),其次为网翅蝗科Arcypteridae(10种)。多样性分析表明扎鲁特旗具有最高的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数,但均匀度最低;开鲁县具有最低的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数。从科的分布范围看,剑角蝗科Acrididae、斑腿蝗科Catantopidae和斑翅蝗科在通辽各地均有分布;而癞蝗科Pamphagidae仅在扎鲁特旗有分布。从物种分布看,黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Saussure和短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov分布最广,其次为亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko。从分布地区看,扎鲁特旗为物种最丰富(34种)。研究结果显示通辽市蝗虫物种多样性及分布特点与各地的草地面积和类型密切相关。

Study on species diversity and distribution of grassland grasshopper (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) of Tongliao city

Based on the methods of five sampling method, traditional taxonomy and zoogeography, the species diversity and distributional characteristics of grasshopper from Tongliao city were studied, in order to provide reference for the forecast and integrated control of the grasshopper. Thirty-seven species belong to 7 families 12 subfamilies had been found. Among of them, the Oedipodidae had the most abundant species number ( 14 species ) , followed by Arcypteridae ( 10 species ) . Diversity analysis showed that Zhalute Banner had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index, the lowest evenness;while Kailu County had the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index. From the distribution range of families, Acrididae, Catantopidae and Oedipodidae distributed in all parts of the city while the Pamphagidae only distributed in Zhalute Banner. From the species distributional range, Oedaleus infernalis Saussure and Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov were the most widely distributed species, followed by Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko. From the view of distributional districts, Zhalute Banner had the most abundant species ( 34 species ) . Our results suggested that species diversity and distribution of grasshopper in Tongliao were closely related to the grassland area and types.