肠道菌群来源细胞外囊泡在肝脏疾病中的作用研究进展

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles, EVs)是一类具有脂质双分子层的膜性囊泡，可以被各种类型细胞分泌，是生物体通信的重要介质，参与原核生物和真核生物细胞之间的信号传输。在肠道微生态中，微生物-宿主的双向通信通常不需要细胞直接接触，微生物群来源EVs是这种“跨界”对话的关键参与者。肠-肝轴是连接肠道微生物与肝脏的桥梁，参与包含酒精性脂肪性肝病在内的多种肝脏疾病的发生与发展，近年研究发现肠道菌群来源的EVs在肝脏疾病的进程中具有重要的调控作用。本文概述了肠道菌群来源EVs的研究进展，特别是EVs的产生机制、包裹的内容物、在细菌-宿主互作以及在肝脏疾病中的作用。

Research progress in the relationship between gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and liver diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a type of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, which can be secreted by a variety of cells. EVs as the key players of interkingdom crosstalk participate in the transmission of signals between prokaryotes and eukaryotes to regulate biological processes. In gut ecosystems, microbe-host communication usually does not involve direct cell contact. Microbiome-derived and host-derived EVs are key participants in such interkingdom crosstalk. The gut-liver axis plays a bridging role in the interaction between gut microbiota and the liver, that can modulate liver diseases including alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota-derived EVs play a key role in liver diseases. This article summarizes the research progress in gut microbiota-derived EVs, especially the mechanism of EVs production, the contents of EVs, bacteria-host interaction and its role in liver diseases.