Formation of 9-hydroxy linoleic acid as a product of phospholipid peroxidation in diabetic erythrocyte membranes |
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Authors: | Masayuki Inouye Takaya Mio Kimiaki Sumino |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Rehabilitation Center Hospital, Akebono-cho 1070, Nishi-ku, Kobo 651-2181, Japan;2. Department of Public Health, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-chrome, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobo 650-0017, Japan |
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Abstract: | The increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals (OFR) and lipid peroxidation may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. Some lipid peroxidation products have already been reported to be formed via glucose-induced oxidative stress. We have identified 9-hydroxy linoleic acid (9-OH-C18:2) in the red cell membrane phospholipid of diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that 9-OH-C18:2 would be formed in hydroxyl radical reactions to linoleic acid (C18:2) during glucose-induced oxidative stress, and confirmed that the formation of 9-OH-C18:2 was induced by ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation to the synthetic C18:2. UV-C light generates highly reactive hydroxy radicals. C18:2 is confirmed to be the precursor of 9-OH-C18:2. To estimate the degree of oxidative damage to red cell membrane phospholipids, we developed a selective ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometric measurement for C18:2 and 9-OH-C18:2, following methanolysis of red cell membrane phospholipids. The relative peak height ratio of C18:2 to 9-OH-C18:2 (9-OH-C18:2/C18:2) was measured in phospholipid extracts of red cell membranes from healthy (n=29, 3.1±1.9%) and diabetic (n=27, 20.9±16.1%) subjects. It was confirmed that 9-OH-C18:2/C18:2 is significantly (P<0.001) elevated in patients with diabetes. The measurement of 9-OH-C18:2/C18:2 in red cell membranes should be useful for assessing oxidative damage to membrane phospholipids in diabetes. |
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Keywords: | Diabetes mellitus Erythrocyte membrane 9-Hydroxy linoleic acid Ultraviolet irradiation Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry OFR oxygen-derived free radicals 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine C18:2 linoleic acid HODEs hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids CLA conjugated linoleic acid GC/MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HbA1c hemoglobin A1c ME methyl ester SIM selective ion monitoring C16:0 palmitic acid Cu Zn-SOD Cu Zn-superoxide dismutase TOF tetralogy of Fallot |
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