Enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering by incorporation of alkaline phosphatase |
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| Authors: | Douglas Timothy E L Messersmith Philip B Chasan Safak Mikos Antonios G de Mulder Eric L W Dickson Glenn Schaubroeck David Balcaen Lieve Vanhaecke Frank Dubruel Peter Jansen John A Leeuwenburgh Sander C G |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. |
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| Abstract: | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone, is incorporated into three hydrogel biomaterials to induce their mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). These are collagen type I, a mussel-protein-inspired adhesive consisting of PEG substituted with catechol groups, cPEG, and the PEG/fumaric acid copolymer OPF. After incubation in Ca-GP solution, FTIR, EDS, SEM, XRD, SAED, ICP-OES, and von Kossa staining confirm CaP formation. The amount of mineral formed decreases in the order cPEG?>?collagen?>?OPF. The mineral:polymer ratio decreases in the order collagen?>?cPEG?>?OPF. Mineralization increases Young's modulus, most profoundly for cPEG. Such enzymatically mineralized hydrogel/CaP composites may find application as bone regeneration materials. |
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