黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征

该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。

Community structure and species diversity at different vegetation successional stages in Northwest Guizhou

In this study, karst plant communities in Weining County of Guizhou Province was investigated by means of space instead of time during vegetation succession in a karst mountain area of China. The species composition, life pattern, community structure and species diversity of vegetation communities were studied. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 174 seed plants were recorded in this survey, belonging to 52 families and 117 genera. The dominant families included Compositae, Rosaceae, Gramineae, Azaleaceae, Berberaceae, Labiataceae, Polygonaceae.(2)With the positive succession of vegetation, the species richness gradually increased, the community structure tended to be complex, and the proportion of high-position bud plants gradually increased.(3)During the restoration of vegetation, the community stratification gradually became obvious, and the proportion of large diameter plants increased.(4)The Shannon-Wiener index(H), Simpson index(D_S), evenness index(J)and Margalef index(D_M)of various levels of the community increased gradually along restoration. The SØrensen index of plant communities between different succession stages showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the Cody index showed a gradually increasing trend. In summary, the plant community structure and species diversity of different successional stages in karst mountain areas are different, and the group building species and key species have changed obviously. The study of community structure and species diversity has important significance for the understanding of vegetation succession and ecological restoration in karst mountainous areas.