Thermophilic,lignocellulolytic bacteria for ethanol production: current state and perspectives |
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Authors: | Tinghong Chang Shuo Yao |
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Institution: | (1) Microbial Engineering Group, Biosystems Division, Risoe National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Building 330, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 49, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark |
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Abstract: | Lignocellulosic biomass contains a variety of carbohydrates, and their conversion into ethanol by fermentation requires an
efficient microbial platform to achieve high yield, productivity, and final titer of ethanol. In recent years, growing attention
has been devoted to the development of cellulolytic and saccharolytic thermophilic bacteria for lignocellulosic ethanol production
because of their unique properties. First of all, thermophilic bacteria possess unique cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic systems
and are considered as potential sources of highly active and thermostable enzymes for efficient biomass hydrolysis. Secondly,
thermophilic bacteria ferment a broad range of carbohydrates into ethanol, and some of them display potential for ethanologenic
fermentation at high yield. Thirdly, the establishment of the genetic tools for thermophilic bacteria has allowed metabolic
engineering, in particular with emphasis on improving ethanol yield, and this facilitates their employment for ethanol production.
Finally, different processes for second-generation ethanol production based on thermophilic bacteria have been proposed with
the aim to achieve cost-competitive processes. However, thermophilic bacteria exhibit an inherent low tolerance to ethanol
and inhibitors in the pretreated biomass, and this is at present the greatest barrier to their industrial application. Further
improvement of the properties of thermophilic bacteria, together with the optimization production processes, is equally important
for achieving a realistic industrial ethanol production. |
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