脊柱跳跃型骨折的临床研究进展

脊柱跳跃型骨折指多节段非相邻的椎体骨折(multiple-level noncontiguous spinal fractures,MNSF)。对于非高龄患者,此类骨折通常为暴力性高能量损伤。由于MNSF受伤机制的复杂性,患者的临床表现不尽相同,导致其常发生漏诊或延迟诊断。目前,临床上对于MNSF发病率和损伤原因有很多报道,特别是其致伤机制,也存在很多理论。脊柱跳跃性骨折的治疗需全面考虑,如脊柱的不稳定性、畸形和骨折节段之间正常的椎体数目甚至患者想要减少住院时间的要求等。治疗时应按照各自损伤部位的情况决定治疗方案,强调个体化治疗。需要手术治疗的患者应依据其损伤特点选择相应术式,重建脊柱稳定性。本文主要就近年来MNSF的临床研究进展了进行总结,旨在为MNSF的临床诊疗提供参考。

Clinical Research Progress of Multiple-level Noncontiguous Spinal Fractures

Spinal jumping fracture is referred to the adjacent non segmental vertebral fractures (multiple-level noncontiguous spinal fractures, MNSF). For the non-elderly patients, such fractures are usually caused by violent high energy injury. Because of the complexity of injury mechanism, the clinical manifestations were not the same, leading to missed or delayed diagnosis of MNSF. Recently, many researches have reported the incidence and causes of MNSF, especially the injury mechanism.Full consideration are needed for the treatment of MNSF, such as the spinal instability, deformity and between fracture segments of normal vertebral number even fewer hospitalization time requirements of patients. Treatment should be decided in accordance with respective injury treatment, individual treatment is emphasized. The patients who need operation should be treated by appropriate operation on the basis of the characteristics of injury, and the spinal stability should be reconstructed. This article mainly reviews the clinical research progress of MNSF in recent years in order to contribute to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MNSF.