中国核盘菌科分类研究概况

本文简要回顾我国核盘菌科真菌的研究历史,尤其是最近十年的进展,更正了过去此科分类和命名中的一些问题,列出我国目前已知核盘菌科12属42种,并提供属的检索表;其中美洲杯盘菌(Ciboria americana Durand)为我国新记录。同时,指出对此科进一步深入探讨的方向。描述了新种贵州杯盘菌(Ciboria guizhouensis w.-y.Zhuang),模式保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。

RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY OF THE SCLEROTINIACEAE IN CHINA

After the first report of the sclerotiniaceous fungi by Sawada from Taiwan in 1919, the Chinese mycologists and plant pathologists started their studies on the Sclerotinaceae in 1922. The 1930's and 1940's were very active periods of the early Chinese mycological studies when records of indigenous fungi increased rapidly including those of the sclerotiniaceous discomycetes. After 1950 the research work became profound but restricted mainly on the species causing plant diseases and the study areas were stressed more on phytopathology than on mycology. In the past ten years, such situation has been changed conspicuously. New taxa have been established based on the Chinese materials and new records reported in succession. Studies reveal that China is rich in fungal resources and a great diversity of fungi will be found.In the Discomycetes, the Sclerotiniaceae is a clear defined family with a relatively good concept of each genus. It includes a group of cup-fungi in which apothe-cia arise from sclerotia, stromata, or stromatized host tissues. The classification of this family becomes well-established in recent years. Anatomy of apothecia and of sclerotia, relation between teleomorph and anamorph, use of biochemistry methods, and introduction of molecular technics provide reliable criteria forcorrect identification.Some of the previously recorded Chinese sclerotiniaceous fungi need to be re-co-nsidered under the current taxonomic system in order to have the correct names. Teleomorphic names based on the anamorph, on disease symptoms, or on host range must be re-examined. Collections of the family are far from satisfaction in China, especially for those species with tiny, dull- or dark-colored apothecia. Investigation in extenso of fungal resources is an urgent task in front of Chinese mycologists. Forty-two known Chinese species of the Sclerotiniaceae are listed and a key to the Chinese genera of the family is provided. A new species, Ciboria guizhouensis, is described as follows: Apothecia discoid, stipitate, when fresh hymenium dirty white to brown, becoming purplish brown with age, 1.5-8.0 mm in diam; when dry hymenium dark vinaceous brown to nearly black, receptacle dark brown to chestnut brown, 0.7-3.0 mm in diam, stipes 0.5-3.0 mm long. Tissues strongly ionomidotic in 2% aqueous KOH solution. Ectal excipulum of textura globulosa to textura angularis, 30-50μm thick; cells isodiametric to ellipsoid, 5-11μm in diam if isodiametric, some with purplish brown contents, cell walls yellowish white to pale brown; outer cells forming small pustules. Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, ca 30-260 μm thick, hyphae 3-5μm wide, hyphal walls faintly brown, surface slightly roughened. Asci subcylindrical, 8-spored, 54-65 × 5.5-6.0μm, J+, pore walls faintly blue in Melzer's reagent with or without KOH pretreatment. Ascospores unise-riate, ellipsoid, non-guttulate, 5.6-7.0 × 2.8-3.0μm. Paraphyses filiform, ca 1.5 μm wide, some with brown contents. On stromatized pulp of an unidentified plant. Holotype HMAS 61192, on deposit in the Herbarium of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica.