山茶花花粉中稀土与重金属元素含量及花粉多糖的提取与生物活性研究

为更好开发利用山茶花花粉,研究利用ICP-MS法测定了其稀土元素与重金属元素含量,建立了花粉多糖的纤维素酶-微波辅助提取工艺并测试了其抗疲劳与免疫活性。结果显示,山茶花花粉中稀土元素含量极低,总量为0.0715mg/kg,含量最高者为镧元素(0.0201mg/kg),最低为钷元素(0.0006mg/kg),钬、铥、镥、钪4种元素未检出;重金属元素含量也极低且铬、汞未检出,铜、锌、镉、铅含量高于稀土元素含量,且铜、锌含量超过1.0mg/kg;山茶花花粉多糖最佳提取工艺为酶用量0.08g/g,酶作用时间80min,微波时间45s,微波功率500W,此条件下多糖得率为2.69%;山茶花花粉多糖灌胃组小鼠游泳后血乳酸浓度增加程度低于对照组,且在休息阶段血乳酸浓度衰减速度快于对照组;山茶花花粉多糖处理可以显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺与脾脏指数(P<0.05),但不能完全恢复至正常对照组水平。结果表明山茶花花粉中的稀土与重金属元素含量处于安全水平,不会对人体产生毒害,纤维素酶-微波辅助可以快速有效提取花粉中的活性多糖,且多糖具有良好的抗疲劳与免疫学活性。本研究结果可为山茶花粉综合利用提供参考。

Polysaccharide extraction and bioactivity test from Camellia japonica pollen and its rare earth elements and heavy metal elements content determination

In order to obtain a better development and utilization of Camellia japonica Pollen,the content of rare earth elements (REE) and heavy metal elements (HME) in the pollen were determined by ICP-MS method,and the cellulose-microwave assisted extraction process for polysaccharide from the pollen and its anti-fatigue and immune improving activity were researched in the present research.Results showed that,there was an extremely low content of both REE and HME in C.japonica Pollen,total content of all17 kinds REE was only 0.071 5 mg/kg.The element Lanthanum (La) showed the highest content (0.0201 mg/kg),while Promethium (Pm) showed the least content (0.000 6 mg/kg),and 4 elements such as Holmium(Ho),Thulium (Tm),Lutetium (Lu),Scandium (Sc) were not detected.The content of HMEs such as Copper (Cu),Zinc (Zn),Cadmium (Cd) and Plumbum (Pb) were higher than that of REEs,the Cu and Zn content were more than1.0 mg/kg while Chromium (Cr) and Hydrargyrum (Hg) were not detected.The optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from C.japonica Pollen were enzyme dosage 0.08 g/g,enzymatic hydrolysis time 80 min,microwave time 45 s,and microwave power 500 W.The maximum extraction rate was2.69% under the optimal conditions.The blood lactic acid (BLA) concentration of intragastric administrated mice with extracted polysaccharide was less than that of control group (CK) after swimming,and the BLA concentration decayed more rapidly than CK in the followed resting stage after swiming;intragastric administrated with extracted polysaccharide improved the mice’ thymus and spleen index significantly ( P <0.05) though the indexes did not fully recover to normal levels.Results indicate that the content of REE and HME in the C.japonica absolutely at a safe level,cellulase with microwave assisting could help us to obtain the polysaccharide from C.japonica pollen more quickly and effectively,and the extracted polysaccharide showed a good biological activity of antifatigue and immune improving.The research could provide some references for the comprehensive utilization of the pollen of C.japonica.