Toxicity studies of Trichodesmium erythraeum (Ehrenberg, 1830) bloom extracts,from Phoenix Bay,Port Blair,Andamans |
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| Institution: | 1. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5X1, Canada;2. Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 9B6, Canada;3. St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 0E4, Canada;4. Microthalassia Consultants Inc., Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 1T4, Canada;5. Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6, Canada;6. Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada;7. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada;8. Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada;9. Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada;10. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Dartmouth Laboratory, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 1Y9, Canada;11. Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms has become a worldwide problem, increasing the risk of human poisoning due to consumption of seafood contaminated with cyanotoxins. Though no such cases of human intoxication due to toxic blooms have been reported so far from India, most of the studies related to blooms have been restricted to reporting of a bloom and/or antimicrobial activity of its extract. Detailed toxicity study of cyanobacterial blooms are lacking. A study on the toxicity of a dense bloom (14.56 × 106 trichomes L−1) of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium erythraeum, observed in the coastal waters of Phoenix Bay, Port Blair, Andamans was undertaken. The significance of this bloom is that it was a single species and had conspicuously inhibited the growth of other phytoplankton and complete exclusion of zooplankton from the bloom region, intimating the involvement of toxins in the bloom. The cyanobacterial extracts showed prominent antimicrobial activity against certain human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Studies on the toxicity of the cyanobacterial extracts was carried out using brine shrimp bioassay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and comet assay. The cyanobacterial extract exhibited toxic effect to Artemia salina causing mortality of up to 40% after 48 h at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1, while it induced cytotoxicity in cell lines (HepG2 and HaCat) and caused DNA damage in human lymphocytes in vitro. |
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| Keywords: | Cyanobacteria bloom MTT assay Comet assay |
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