Presence of pathogenic cryptococci on trees situated in two recreational areas in South Africa |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;2. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand;3. Department of Yeast and Basidiomycete Research, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;5. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;6. Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;7. Institute for Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology (IBMB), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa;1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;2. Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;3. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;4. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;1. Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;1. INSERM U1053, Team 3 Oncogenesis of Cutaneous Lymphomas, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France;2. Dermatology Department, CHU Bordeaux,1 avenue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France;3. UMR CNRS 7276, Univ. Limoges,2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France;6. Pathology Department, CHU Bordeaux,Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France;7. Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory,Avenue de Magellan, CHU Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France;1. Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China;2. Department of Dermatology, People''s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, PR China;1. Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital General de Granollers, Av. Francesc Ribas S/n, 08400, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain;2. Intern Medicine Department, Hospital General de Granollers, Av. Francesc Ribas S/n, 08400, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain;3. Intern Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;4. Hospital Pharmacy Service, Fundación Privada Hospital d''Olot i Comarcal de la Garrotxa, Avinguda Dels Països Catalans, 86, 17800, Olot, Girona, Spain;5. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, UB Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Joan XXIII, 08028, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Nephrology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia;2. Department of Dermatology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia;3. Department of Pathology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia;4. University Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | Knowledge of the environmental prevalence of members of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex is important, since cryptococcal infection is acquired from the environment. We determined whether trees located in two South African recreational areas harboured pathogenic cryptococci and compared the isolates to clinical isolates obtained from Western Cape hospitals with molecular typing techniques. The majority of isolates originating from trees in a public park in Cape Town (PPCT) were C. gattii sensu stricto, followed by C. neoformans sensu stricto genotype AFLP1/VNI. The PPCT trees might be a source of infection, since all genotype AFLP1/VNI isolates from these trees and one clinical isolate belonged to the same sequence type (ST), i.e. ST23. Recombination and basidiospore production might be occurring in PPCT trees that contained C. gattii s.s. isolates belonging to both mating types. The presence of C. gattii s.s. in PPCT trees might therefore pose a risk to human health. |
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| Keywords: | South Africa Environmental isolates Genotyping Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) |
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