Morphological analyses and variation in carbohydrate content during the maturation of somatic embryos of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carica papaya</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Ellen Moura Vale Ricardo Souza Reis Lucas Zanchetta Passamani Claudete Santa-Catarina Vanildo Silveira |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB),Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF),Campos dos Goytacazes,Brazil;2.Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen?mica e Prote?mica,UENF,Campos dos Goytacazes,Brazil;3.Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual,CBB-UENF,Campos dos Goytacazes,Brazil |
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Abstract: | Efficient protocols for somatic embryogenesis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) have great potential for selecting elite hybrid genotypes. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a nonplasmolyzing osmotic agent, to a maturation medium increases the production of somatic embryos in C. papaya. To study the effects of PEG on somatic embryogenesis of C. papaya, we analyzed somatic embryo development and carbohydrate profile changes during maturation treatments with PEG (6%) or without PEG (control). PEG treatment (6%) increased the number of normal mature somatic embryos followed by somatic plantlet production. In both control and PEG treatments, pro-embryogenic differentiation to the cotyledonary stage was observed and was significantly higher with PEG treatment. Histomorphological analysis of embryonic cultures with PEG revealed meristematic centers containing small isodiametric cells with dense cytoplasm and evident nuclei. Concomitant with the increase in the differentiation of somatic embryos in PEG cultures, there was an increase in the endogenous content of sucrose and starch, which appears to be related to a rising demand for energy, a key point in the conversion of C. papaya somatic embryos. The endogenous carbohydrate profile may be a valuable parameter for developing optimized protocols for the maturation of somatic embryos in papaya. |
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