Relationships between pollutant discharge and water quality in the rivers from “better” to “worse” water quality |
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| Institution: | 2. Research Centre of Coastal Lagoon Environments (ReCCLE), Shimane University, Nishikawatsu-cho 1060, Matsue, Shimane 690-8055, Japan;1. University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia;2. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia;3. TardigradeNano LLC, 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA;5. Department of Materials, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia;6. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia;7. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;1. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080, Jamshoro, Pakistan;2. Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan;3. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China;4. Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey;5. Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran;1. Institute of Development Studies, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China;2. School of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China;3. College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China;1. Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC-OASU, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France;2. Lyonnaise des Eaux, Agence Diagnostic Assainissement, Centre Régional Aquitaine, F-33029, Bordeaux, France |
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| Abstract: | The long-term relationship between pollutant discharge and river water quality of biological/biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the Yamato-gawa River, Japan, has been found to be similar to perturbation or dynamic equilibrium change of alternative stable states in the ecosystem fields with a linear relationship as a usual condition. Similar relationships have been observed in short-terms for single precipitation events both in the Richmond River, Australia, and in a mountainous watershed in Japan. On the contrary, nutrient concentrations have not changed in a long-term besides nutrient discharge increases in the Richmond River. In this paper, long-term chronological relationships of annual pollutant discharges and water quality in the Brisbane River, Australia, were investigated based on pollutant discharge estimations and water quality monitoring data as a case study in the “better” water quality river. Effects of precipitation variation were taken into account in the pollutant discharge estimations by introducing precipitation variance coefficient (PVC). Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the river were found to be improved with fluctuations in the lower Brisbane River Catchment during 1975–2012. Long-term dynamic equilibrium alterations of pollutant discharge and water quality were found for TN and TP at the first time in the Brisbane River. The investigated term was found to be divided into two phases, 1975–2001 and 2001–2012 for TN, and 1975–2007 and 2005–2012 for TP. Both pollutant discharges and pollutant concentrations in the river were smaller in Phase 2 than Phase 1. Based on the relationships in the three rivers, a hypothesis on pollutant discharge and water quality from “better” to “worse” river water environment was presented that rapid and/or excess pollutant discharge increases cause perturbation or dynamic equilibrium alterations with the basal relationships as the linear relationships. |
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| Keywords: | Dynamic equilibrium change Hysteresis response Perturbation Pollutant discharge Precipitation variation coefficient (PVC) Water quality |
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