Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Encarsia formosa</Emphasis> on the control of the greenhouse whitefly: preliminary assessment of a compatability study |
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Authors: | Pasco B Avery Jane Faull Monique S J Simmonds |
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Institution: | (1) Science Department, Shattuck-St. Mary’s School, 1000 Shumway Avenue, Faribault, MN 55021, USA;(2) School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK;(3) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK |
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Abstract: | The effect of separate and combined activity of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Wize (Brown and Smith) Trinidadian strain T11 and the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan, was assessed on populations of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), infesting Phaseolus vulgaris L. (French bean) and Pelargonium x domesticum (regal geranium) plants in replicate experiments. When infested bean and geranium plants were exposed to E. formosa for 2 days, and 4 days later sprayed with P. fumosoroseus blastospores, whitefly percent mortality was 99.5% and 75.5%, 94.6% and 59.4% for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Treatment
of infested bean plants with either E. formosa or P. fumosoroseus resulted in 87.8% and 78.7%, 73.1% and 97.0% whitefly mortality for experiments 1 and 2, respectively, while similar treatment
of infested geranium plants resulted in 9.2% and 52.8%, 34.3% and 64.5% whitefly mortality for experiments 1 and 2, respectively.
Our results support the use of E. formosa and P. fumosoroseus in combination in Experiment 1 for the treatment of whitefly infested P. vulgaris plants since a significant difference in mortality is observed than when either E. formosa or P. fumosoroseus is applied alone. However, in experiment 2, the combination treatment on P. vulgaris was no more effective than spraying P. fumosoroseus alone. On P. x domesticum plants, only P. fumosoroseus alone is needed for efficient control of the whitefly compared to the combination treatment. The relative timing of parasitoid
oviposition and fungal infection are critical in determining the outcome of the interaction and are plant host dependent. |
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Keywords: | Blastospores Entomopathogen Pelargonium x domesticum Phaseolus vulgaris Regal geranium Trialeurodes vaporariorum Tritrophic interaction |
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