VDJ genes in VHa2 allotype-suppressed rabbits. Limited germline VH gene usage and accumulation of somatic mutations in D regions

In this study we investigate the molecular genetic basis for VHa- Ig. Knowing that the expression of VHa allotype Ig is suppressed by neonatal injection of rabbits with anti-VHa allotype antibody, and that the decreased level of VHa allotype Ig, VHa+, in the suppressed rabbits is compensated for by an increase in VHa- Ig, we determined the nucleotide sequences of 41 VDJ genes from a2/a2 rabbits neonatally suppressed for the expression of a2 Ig. We compared these nucleotide sequences to each other and identified two groups of VH sequences. We predict that the molecules of each group are encoded by one germline VH gene. Inasmuch as VHa+ Ig is encoded predominantly by one germline VH gene, VH1, it appears that more than 95% of the VDJ repertoire of rabbits may be encoded by as few as three germline VH genes. A genomic VDJ gene whose VH sequence was similar to those of group I molecules was expressed in vitro and was shown by ELISA to encode molecules of the VHa- allotype, y33. Analysis of the D regions in the VDJ gene indicated that germline D2b and D3 gene segments were preferentially used in the VDJ gene rearrangement. A comparison of sequences of D regions of the 41 VDJ gene rearrangements in 3-, 6-, and 9-wk-old rabbits to sequences of germline D gene segments showed an accumulation of mutations in the D region. Inasmuch as we have previously shown that V regions of rabbit VDJ genes are diversified, in part, by somatic gene conversion, it appears now that rabbit VDJ genes diversify by a combination of somatic mutation and somatic gene conversion.