山茶属五种植物叶片解剖特征及与光合生理相关性研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察山茶属（ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａＬｉｎｎ．）五种植物叶片解剖特征，并与光合生理相关性进行分析。实验选择的五种植物均为Ｃ３植物，其中小黄花茶（ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａｌｕｔｅｏｆｌｏｒａＹ．Ｋ．Ｌｉ）和四球茶（Ｃ．ｔａｃｈａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＦ．Ｃ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）为阴性植物．叶绿素含量较高；咸宁短柱茶（Ｃ．ｓａｌｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓＳｔａｐｆ．ｅｘＢｅａｎ．）为偏阴性植物，叶绿素含量较低；美丽红山茶（Ｃ．ｄｅｌｉｃａｔａＹ．Ｋ．Ｌｉ）和狭叶瘤果茶（Ｃ．ｎｅｒｉｉｆｏｌｉａＣｈａｎｇ）则属于半阴性植物。它们的光合生理指标值差异取决于叶片解剖特征的差异；与光补偿点，光饱和点，净光合速率（Ｐｎ），光呼吸速率（Ｐｒ），暗呼吸速率（Ｄｒ）相关性最密切的解剖指标是栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织中的细胞层数、栅栏细胞内的叶绿体数，栅栏组织厚与叶厚的比值、与栅栏细胞粗度的比值、与海绵组织厚度的比值．叶片上表皮厚、上表皮角质层厚及下表皮气孔密度亦与上述光合生理指标呈弱正相关，叶片大小、气孔器大小及气孔口长则与上述光合生理指标呈弱负相关；下表皮厚、海绵组织厚度及栅栏细胞内叶绿体大小与各项光合生理指标几乎无关。该五种植物的叶片解剖和光合生理特

STUDY ON PHYTOTOMIC CHARACTERISTIC AND CORRELATION BETWEEN IT AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGIC INDEX IN LEAVES OFFIVE SPECIES FROM CAMELLIA

Observation on phytotomic characteristic relate to photosynthetic physiology in eaves of 5 species which of representative in phylogeny of Camellia Linn. with scanning electron microscope, analysis corrlation and phylogeny. These 5 species of Camellia are C3 plant,and in which, Camellia luteoflora Y. K. Li and C. tachangensis F. S. Zhang are shade species, they have higher contain of chloroplast, C. saluenensis Stapf ex Beau. is tendency sun species. has lower contain of chloroplast, C. delicuta Y. K. Li and C. neriifolia Chang are swmi-shade species. Difference of phytotomlc characteristic result in difference of photosynthetic physiologic index. phytotomic characteristics which are in close relationship with light compensation point. light saturation point. net photosynthesis rate. photorespiration rate and dark respiration rate are thickness of palisade tissue.number of cell layer of palisade tissue number of chloroplast in cell of palisade tissue.thickness ratio of palisade tissue to leaf, to cell of palisade tissue. and to spongy tissue;they have weak positive correlation to thickness of upward epidermis, thickness of cuticle of upward epidermis and density of stoma of underneath epidermis with photosynthetic physiology index as above; they have weak negative correlation to size of leaf.stomatal aperture and length of atoma with photosynthetic physiologic index as above;they bear almost no relation that thickness of underneath epidermis. thickness of spongy tissue and size of chloroplast in cell of palisade tissue to photosynthetic physiologic index as above. Result of the experiment bear out that the difference in species of phytotomic characteristic and photosynthetic physiologic index in leaf of Camellia Linn. is elemently identical with ZHANG HONGDA SYSTEM (Chang Hungta system: A TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CAMELLIA, 1981); Adaptability with enviroment in leaf of Camellia express that when enviroment has changed. the obvious difference of Phytomic characteristic and photosynthntic index will take place.