中国森林大型真菌重要类群多样性和系统学研究

大型真菌主要为担子菌门的真菌和少数为子囊菌门的真菌,该类真菌具有重要的经济价值和生态功能,主要生长在森林生态系统中。30年来作者对我国几乎所有类型森林生态中的大型真菌进行了系统调查和采集,共采集标本11.2万号。基于对这些材料的形态学及分子系统学研究,并结合生态学和生物地理学特征,共鉴定出中国森林大型真菌4 250种,隶属于担子菌门和子囊菌门的21个目,发现和发表2个新科、4个新亚科、69个新属和885个新种。云南省是我国森林大型真菌最丰富的省份,描述于该省的新种有314种,占作者发表的全部中国新种的35%。这些研究为深入认识全球大型真菌物种多样性提供了中国的贡献,更新了我国重要食药用菌名称,揭示了我国毒蘑菇多样性基本特征,系统论述了我国森林病原菌的物种多样性,为资源利用、森林健康和保护提供了科学依据;论述了森林大型真菌代表性类群在种和属级水平的起源和演化,为今后开展重要类群科级、目级甚至纲级的系统进化关系提供了重要数据。

Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests

Macrofungi, as an important component in forest ecosystems, consist of most members of Basidiomycota and some members of Ascomycota, having important economical value and ecological functions. Extensive field investigations have been carried out in almost whole types of the Chinese forests during the past 30 years, and 112 000 specimens were collected. Based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses in combination with ecology and biogeography, 4 250 species belonging to 21 orders in Baidiomycota and Ascomycota were identified, including two new families, four new subfamilies, 69 new genera and 885 new species. Yunnan Province is the richest in macrofungal diversity among provinces or regions in China, and 314 new species were described from this province, accounting for 35% of all the new species described from China by the authors. Our studies have made contributions to deepening the understanding of global diversity of macrofungi. The names of some important Chinese medicinal fungi were revised, the diversity characteristics of Chinese poisonous mushrooms were revealed, and the pathogenetic wood-decaying species were ascertained. These data improved our knowledge on utilization of natural resources and protection of forest health. Based on molecular evidences, the origin of some forest representative fungal genera or species complex were deduced, and their dispersal and speciation were discussed, for the purposes of providing some data for evolutionary study at level of family, order or class of macrofungi henceforth.