药用植物绶草（兰科）的菌根真菌群落组成分析

兰科菌根真菌（OMF）被认为是影响兰科植物物种丰度和分布的一个重要因素。对广域分布兰科植物的菌根区系进行研究有助于人们更深入地了解兰科植物分布格局的形成机制。本研究以我国广域分布的兰科药用植物绶草Spiranthes sinensis为材料,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对北京、上海、江西、广西、云南、甘肃6个样地的绶草菌根区系进行了研究。一共检测到51个OMF分类单元,其中角担菌科Ceratobasidiaceae真菌是绶草菌根的主要类群,约有1/3的角担菌科种类存在于所有的样本中,说明该类真菌亦广域分布;胶膜菌科Tulasnellaceae、肉丝耳科Serendipitaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、革菌科Thelephoraceae、口蘑科Tricholomataceae等真菌亦有发现,只是其相对多度较低,且较多种类表现出明显的地域特异性;6个样地的绶草菌根区系组成存在显著性差异,且这种差异与地理距离之间并未表现出明显的相关性,暗示菌根区系组成更多受生境因素的影响。本研究结果可为进一步采用菌根技术实现该类兰科药用植物的种质保育及栽培生产提供理论参考。

Mycorrhizal fungal community composition of medicinal plant Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae)

Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) are increasingly recognized as an important factor underlying the distribution and abundance of orchid species. Understanding the mycorrhizal community composition will provide insight into the distribution pattern of orchid plants. In this study, Spiranthes sinensis, one orchid species widely distributed in China, was used as study material to analyze mycorrhizal community composition of S.sinensis collected from Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Yunnan and Gansu by using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform. In total, 51 OMF taxa were found to be associated with S.sinensis, mainly belonging to Ceratobasidiaceae. Around one third of the Ceratobasidiaceae members were detected in the samples, implying the wide distribution of the fungi. Members of Tulasnellaceae, Serendipitaceae, Russulaceae, Tricholomataceae and Thelephoraceae were also detected, but their relative abundances were low, and most of them were evidently regionally endemic. Mycorrhizal fungal community composition differed significantly amongS.sinensis populations of the 6 localities and the differences were not correlated with the geographic distance, implying that the community composition was mainly influenced by habitat factors. The result may provide a theoretical reference for the germplasm conservation and cultivation of the medicinal orchid plants by using mycorrhizal technique.