饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、饲料利用和肝胰腺组织结构的影响

以含不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)(0、10、100和1000μg/kg饲料)的4种饲料饲喂初始均重为(0.382±0.005) g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾42d,探讨AFB₁对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长性能、饲料效率和肝胰腺组织结构的影响。结果显示, 100和1000μg/kg毒素组幼虾的存活率、摄食率、终末体重、特定生长率和饲料效率均显著低于对照组, 10μg/kg毒素组与对照组无显著差异。10μg/kg毒素组幼虾肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均与对照组无显著差异,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于对照组。饲料AFB₁含量≥100μg/kg时显著影响了克氏原螯虾幼虾上述肝胰腺酶的活性。10μg/kg毒素组肝胰腺组织结构发生轻微变化, 100和1000μg/kg毒素组幼虾的肝胰腺表现出严重病变, R细胞数量减少而B细胞...

DIETARY AFLATOXIN B1 ON GROWTH,ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND HISTOLOGY IN HEPATOPANCREAS OF JUVENILE RED SWAMP CRAWFISH (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII)

To evaluate the effects of dietary aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on growth performance, feed efficiency, and histological changes in juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), crayfish with initial body weight of (0.382±0.005) g] were fed with four diets containing 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/kg AFB₁ for a 42-day trial. Significant lower survival rate (SR), feeding rate (FR), final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were observed in 100 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg AFB₁ group, while no significant differences were found in 10 μg/kg group compared to control group. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate, aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas between the control and 10 μg/kg AFB₁ group, while significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in 10 μg/kg AFB₁ group. AFB₁ above 100 μg/kg significantly impacted activities of the aforementioned hepatopancreas enzymes. Slight histological changes were identified in hepatopancreas of 10 μg/kg AFB₁ group. However, severe lesions of hepatopancreas were found in 100 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg AFB₁ group, which showed decreased numbers of R-cells and increased numbers of B-cells. The ultrastructural results showed that with the increase of AFB₁ concentration, hepatopancreas demonstrated swelling mitochondria, expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased cytoplasmic vesicles and larger lipid droplets. No AFB₁ residues were detected in whole body when crayfish were fed with AFB₁ up to 100 μg/kg, however, tiny dose (1.65 μg/kg) of AFB₁ were detected in the group with 1000 μg/kg AFB₁, which was below the safety limitation of FDA. In summary, dietary AFB₁ above 10 μg/kg had an adverse effect on juvenile crayfish, which indicated that red swamp crayfish was a sensitive species to AFB₁.