提升生态系统质量和稳定性的生态学原理及技术途径之探讨

提升生态系统质量和稳定性是国家生态环境建设的迫切任务,但生态系统质量及其稳定性的生态学原理是亟待阐述的生态学难题。本文在梳理生态系统质量和稳定性的影响因素及其相互作用关系基础上,从生物集聚与结构嵌套的自组织、生态要素关联及生态过程耦合、生态系统整体性及功能涌现、生态服务外溢及功效权衡、资源供给能力和环境适宜性的协同互作、自然变化和人类活动交互影响等视角,论述了生态系统质量及其稳定性演变的生态学原理,并围绕生态系统宏观格局调整、自然保护地体系建设、区域复合生态系统综合管理、退化生态系统恢复、受损生态系统重建、典型生态系统过程管理等层级,提出了提升生态系统质量及其稳定性的技术途径与管理策略。

Discussion on the ecological theory and technological approaches of ecosystem quality improvement and stability enhancement

Improving ecosystem quality and stability is one of the urgent tasks of national ecological environment construction. However, the ecological theory of ecosystem quality and stability has not been well clarified. Based on the summary of influencing factors and interaction between ecosystem quality and stability, we discussed the ecolo-gical theory on the evolution of ecosystem quality and stability from the perspectives of self-organization of biological agglomeration and structure nesting, correlation of ecological elements and coupling of ecological processes, ecosystem integrity and function emergence, ecological service spillover and efficiency tradeoff, synergy and interactions between resource supply capacity and environmental suitability, as well as interactions between spontaneous change and human activities. Technologies approaches and management strategies were proposed from the aspects of ecosystem macro-pattern adjustment, protected natural areas system construction, regional complex ecosystem comprehensive management, degraded ecosystem restoration, damaged ecosystem reestablishment, typical ecosystem process management.