基于MAXENT模型的贺兰山西坡啮齿动物生境适宜性评价

贺兰山因其拥有独特的植物垂直分布带而十分适宜啮齿动物生存，但自保护区生态恢复以来并未见有研究评价啮齿动物在贺兰山的生境适宜性，使得其分布现状未知。使用GIS技术和MAXENT模型对内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区6种主要啮齿动物进行生境适宜性状况评价及预测，探究啮齿动物在贺兰山的分布现状。结果表明：影响6种啮齿动物的主要环境因子为海拔、坡度和距矿区距离，海拔越高、坡度越大及距矿区距离越近均使啮齿动物生存适宜性降低；两两鼠种生境适宜面积叠加发现，大林姬鼠和阿拉善黄鼠适宜生境重叠面积最大(261.37 km~2),短尾仓鼠和子午沙鼠的适宜生境重叠面积最小(19.00 km~2);6种主要鼠种均适宜的生境面积交集仅有17.14 km~2,占贺兰山总面积的0.47%,6种主要鼠种均不适宜的生境面积有2985.23 km~2,占贺兰山总面积的81.21%。研究表明，啮齿动物栖息地距矿区距离仍是影响其适宜生境的重要因素之一，建议相关部门加强对废弃矿区采取措施，改善保护区啮齿动物生境质量。

Habitat suitability assessment of rodents on the west slope of the Helan Mountain based on MAXENT model

Helan Mountain is very suitable for rodents to survive because of its unique vertical distribution zone of plants. However, since the ecological restoration of the protected area, no research has been seen to evaluate the habitat suitability of rodents in Helan Mountain, making its distribution status unknown. Evaluation of species'' habitat suitability is an important part of wildlife research. In recent years, more and more models and technologies including the continuous development of Geographic Information System (GIS) have been applied to the study of habitat suitability. We investigated six different species in the west slope of Helan Mountain in order to research the habitat suitability of the rodents by GIS and MAXENT model. The results showed that the main environmental factors that affected rodents were altitude, slope and distance from the mining area. Habitats with high altitude was not suitable for rodents to survive. We found that the largest overlapping area of suitable habitats of each was dedicated by Apodemus peninsulae and Spermophilus alashanicus (261.37 km²), and the smallest one was Allocricetulus eversmanni and Meriones meridianus (19.00 km²). The intersection area which was suitable for all six species was only 17.14 km², occupying 0.47% of the region of Helan Mountain; on the country, the unsuitable habitat that all six species was 2985.23 km² (accounting for 81.21% of the total area of Helan Mountain). According to the research, the distance from habitats to a mining area is still one of the most important environmental factors affecting the rodents'' suitable habitats. It is recommended to continue to implement measures such as restricting mining areas and advocating residents around the reserve to promote the quality of rodents'' habitats in the Helan Mountain.