飞行过程中棉铃虫对温度的主动选择

为了探讨温度对迁飞性昆虫空中群体聚集成层等行为的作用机制，在室内利用自行设计的连续温度梯度发生装置对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera在飞行过程中的温度选择行为进行了研究.结果表明：在存在明显温差的连续温度梯度中，所有棉铃虫飞行个体均对温度具有显著的选择行为.棉铃虫试虫群体表现出对空间最优飞行温度共同的主动选择，选择的温度范围是20~22℃之间；在这一温度范围内棉铃虫的振翅频率最高，持续振翅时间最长.对不同温度梯度条件下各温度区间内试虫的飞行时间进行定量比较发现，在16~22℃温度梯度场中的棉铃虫群体对最适温度的选择比在19~30℃的温度梯度场中的群体更显著，表明在温度较低的迁飞季节中温度对迁飞棉铃虫空中虫群聚集成层的影响要比在高温季节更明显.持续飞行时间对棉铃虫振翅频率的影响明显，表明昆虫迁飞高度与昆虫自身能量的消耗存在联系.

Active temperature selection of flying Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) moths

  In order to explore the effect of temperature on migratory insect behavior, such as stratification, temperature selection of flying Helicoverpa armigera moths was studied using a continuous temperature gradient device in the laboratory. The results showed that all the tested individuals exhibited significant choice behavior for temperatures. Measured in groups, the tested moths actively selected the temperature range from 20 to 22℃, which was evaluated as the optimal flight temperatures of the moth. In this temperature range, moths had the maximum frequency and the longest time of wing beat. The flight durations of the tested moths were compared in different temperature intervals, and the results showed that the moths made more obvious choices in the gradient from 16 to 22℃ than in the gradient from 19 to 30℃, suggesting that the temperature in the cold season has more significant effect on stratification of the moth than in the warm season. The wing beat frequency was affected significantly by the continuous flight time, suggesting that there exists a relationship between flight height and energy expenditure of insect during migration.