Evidence for aerobic ATP synthesis in isolated myelin vesicles |
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| Authors: | Silvia Ravera Isabella Panfoli Daniela Calzia Maria Grazia Aluigi Paolo Bianchini Alberto Diaspro Gianluigi Mancardi Alessandro Morelli |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biology Department, University of Genoa, Genova 16132, Italy;2. MicroScoBiO Research Center and Department of Physics, LAMBS, University of Genoa, Genova 16146, Italy;3. Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics Department, University of Genoa, Genova 16132, Italy;1. Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA;3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;4. Department of Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;1. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China;2. School of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China;1. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy;2. Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy;3. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy;1. College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China;2. Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China;3. Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904 North Shore Mail Centre 0632, Auckland, New Zealand;4. Ecological Genetics Laboratory, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand;5. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2601, Australia;1. Institutes of Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China;2. Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Even though brain represents only 2–3% of the body weight, it consumes 20% of total body oxygen, and 25% of total body glucose. This sounds surprising, in that mitochondrial density in brain is low, while mitochondria are thought to be the sole site of aerobic energy supply. These data would suggest that structures other than mitochondria are involved in aerobic ATP production. Considering that a sustained aerobic metabolism needs a great surface extension and that the oxygen solubility is higher in neutral lipids, we have focused our attention on myelin sheath, the multilayered membrane produced by oligodendrocytes, hypothesizing it to be an ATP production site. Myelin has long been supposed to augment the speed of conduction, however, there is growing evidence that it exerts an as yet unexplained neuro-trophic role. In this work, by biochemical assays, Western Blot analysis, confocal laser microscopy, we present evidence that isolated myelin vesicles (IMV) are able to consume O2 and produce ATP through the operation of a proton gradient across their membranes. Living optic nerve sections were exposed to MitoTracker, a classical mitochondrial dye, by a technique that we have developed and it was found that structures closely resembling nerve axons were stained. By immunohystochemistry we show that ATP synthase and myelin basic protein colocalize on both IMV and optic nerves. The complex of data suggests that myelin sheath may be the site of oxygen absorption and aerobic metabolism for the axons. |
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