5种生物杀虫剂对4种天敌昆虫的安全性评价

【目的】生物杀虫剂及天敌昆虫的应用是绿色防控的发展方向,但有关生物杀虫剂对天敌昆虫的安全性尚不明确。研究生物杀虫剂对天敌昆虫的影响可以为更好地协调使用生物杀虫剂和天敌昆虫提供理论依据。【方法】在实验室条件下采用药膜法和滤纸膜片法测定了5种生物杀虫剂(苦参碱、桉油精、鱼藤酮、除虫菊素、橄榄鲨)在田间推荐使用浓度下,对4种天敌昆虫(丽蚜小蜂、东亚小花蝽、食蚜瘿蚊、巴氏新小绥螨)的致死率。【结果】除虫菊素对丽蚜小蜂、东亚小花蝽、巴氏新小绥螨的影响较大,致死率均达到100%;鱼藤酮对丽蚜小蜂、食蚜瘿蚊、巴氏新小绥螨的影响均较大,致死率在98.65%以上;橄榄鲨对丽蚜小蜂、东亚小花蝽、食蚜瘿蚊的影响较小,致死率均小于30%;苦参碱对丽蚜小蜂的影响最大,致死率达100%,对食蚜瘿蚊和巴氏新小绥螨的影响较小,致死率分别为15.56%和15.91%;桉油精对巴氏新小绥螨的影响最大,致死率达100%,对东亚小花蝽和食蚜瘿蚊的影响较小,致死率分别为15.91%和6.67%。【结论】这5种生物杀虫剂中,橄榄鲨对丽蚜小蜂、东亚小花蝽、食蚜瘿蚊安全,桉油精对东亚小花蝽、食蚜瘿蚊安全,苦参碱对食蚜瘿蚊、巴氏新小绥螨安全,鱼藤酮对东亚小花蝽安全,除虫菊素对食蚜瘿蚊安全。

Safety evaluation of five biological insecticides to four arthropod natural enemies

Aim] The increased use of biological insecticides and natural enemies is the general direction of more sustinable crop management, but the safety of biological insecticides on several natural enemies is not known. Therefore, the effects of biological pesticides on natural enemies were studied to provide a basis for a better coordination of these two control methods.Method] The residual film method and filter paper method were adopted under laboratory conditions to determine the impacts of the recommended field concentrations of 5 biological insecticides (matrine, cineole, rotenone, pyrethrin, potassium laurate) on 4 commercially used natural enemies, the parasitoid Encarsia formosa, the heteropteran predator Orius sauteri, predatory fly Aphidoletes aphidimyza, and the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri.Result] The effects of pyrethrin on E. formosa, O. sauteri, and N. barkeri were severe, reaching total (100%) mortality. The effects of rotenone on E. formosa, A. aphidimyza, and N. barkeri were higher, with mortality of >98.65%. The potassium laurate had small effects on E. formosa, O. sauteri, and A. aphidimyza with <30% mortality. Matrine caused 100% mortality on E. formosa but effects on A. aphidimyza and N. barkeri were small with the mortality of 15.56% and 15.91% respectively. Cineole was lethal to N. barkeri (100% mortality); the effects on O. sauteri, A. aphidimyza were small with the mortality of 15.91% and 6.67% respectively.Conclusion] Potassium laurate was safe to E. formosa, O. sauteri, and A. aphidimyza; cineole was safe to O. sauteri, A. aphidimyza; matrine was safe to A. aphidimyza, N. barkeri; while the use of rotenone was consistent only with O. sauteri; and pyrethrin only with A. aphidimyza.