Wild edible plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Nutritive values of selected species |
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Authors: | Manju Sundriyal R C Sundriyal |
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Institution: | (1) G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, North East Unit, Vivek Vihar, Itanagar-791 113 Arunachal Pradesh, India |
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Abstract: | Wild edible plants form an important constituent of traditional diets in the Himalaya. In the Sikkim Himalaya a total of 190
species have been screened as edible species out of which nearly 47 species come to the market. The present paper deals with
nutritive values of 27 most commonly consumed wild edible plants in the Sikkim Himalaya. Of 27 plant species that were analyzed
for their nutritive values, 22 were edible for their fruits and five for leaves/shoots. Among different plant parts, generally
higher nutrient concentration was recorded for leaves, followed by new shoots and fruits. For different species the crude
fiber content ranged between 2.15–39.90%, and the total soluble salts between 4.66–21.00%, and the vitamin C content from
6–286 mg/100 g. The fat content was determined high in the fruits ofCastanopsis hystrix, Machilus edulis, andCinnamomum species, while the protein content was highest inHippophae rhamnoides, Cucumis melo, andEleagnus latifolia. The total carbohydrate content ranged from 32–88% in the fruits of various wild edibles, the reducing sugar from 1.25–12.42%,
total sugar from 2.10–25.09%, the lignin content varied from 9.05–39.51%, the hemicellulose between 25.63–55.71% and cellulose
content varied from 9.57–33.19% in different species. Among the various macronutrients estimated in the plant samples of different
wild edible species, nitrogen was present in highest quantity, followed by potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and
sodium. Micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, magnesium, and copper contents were analyzed in different plant parts of various
wild edible species. The iron content was higher in leaves and new shoots. The nutritive values of certain wild edible species
determined in this study are comparable with various commercial fruits. It is suggested that a few wild edible species need
to be grown for commercial cultivation and adopted in the traditional agroforestry systems, which will lead to reduced pressure
on them in natural forest stands as well as producing economic benefits for poor farmers. |
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Keywords: | wild edible plants nutritive values proximate analysis macro-and micronutrients Sikkim Himalaya |
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