贵州赫章县野生韭菜资源调查与营养成分分析

贵州省是野生葱类资源的重要分布地区,特别是赫章县野生韭菜的分布面积较广。为了详细了解和研究野生韭菜的分布,对赫章县野生韭菜地理分布、生境及气候进行了专题调查,并对其主要营养成分进行了分析。结果发现,赫章县主要分布有3种野生韭菜,它们分别为多星韭(Allium wallichii Kunth.)、卵叶韭(Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.暂定名)和近宽叶韭(Allium hookeri Thwaites暂定名);对17种水解氨基酸检测表明,除脯氨酸外,野生韭菜的各种氨基酸含量均较栽培韭(Allaum tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.)的含量高;而野生韭的含糖量却明显低于普通的栽培韭;在9种微量元素中,卵叶韭的锰、锌、铁的含量明显高于栽培韭和其他野生韭菜;对4种重金属检测表明,镉的含量在3种野生韭中均超标,特别是卵叶韭中的镉含量明显高于栽培韭和其他2种野生韭,卵叶韭的砷、汞、铅的含量也较高,超出了国家限量标准;原生境的多星韭的叶片和薹维生素C含量均高于栽培韭菜。本次调查中的野生韭菜资源生物学特征有明显特异性,营养成分存在很大差异,对这些资源的收集与保存将对丰富我国韭菜资源保存的多样性具有重要意义,对韭菜营养品质改良具有很大的开发和利用价值。

Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province

Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.