光照强度及栽培基质对秋海棠新品种‘宁明银’生长的影响

秋海棠是世界著名的观赏植物,不同种类和品种对栽培基质、光照、温度和湿度等生长环境条件的要求不同。‘宁明银’秋海棠是最近培育出的新品种,具有很高的观赏价值和市场潜力,但其栽培适宜条件还不清楚。为了摸索该品种的最佳栽培基质和光照条件,该研究利用四种光强(遮光45%、60%、75%、90%)和四种无土栽培基质(泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1;泥炭∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1;腐叶土∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1;玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)在上海辰山植物园栽培大棚中开展盆栽试验,比较分析‘宁明银’秋海棠的生长表现。结果表明:在遮光45%条件下,腐叶土、珍珠岩、松树皮同等比例混合的栽培基质中,‘宁明银’秋海棠的叶片数、最大叶面积、地上部分鲜重与干重、地下部分干重均表现出最大值,且该条件下植株的相对含水量和根冠比最小,相对叶绿素含量也最高。因此,盆栽‘宁明银’秋海棠的最佳无土栽培条件为腐叶土、珍珠岩、松树皮等比例混合栽培基质和45%遮光,利用此条件可指导‘宁明银’秋海棠的商品化盆栽生产。

Effects of light intensity and planting substrates on the growth of Begonia ningmingensis 'Ningming Silver' , a new begonia cultivar

Begonia is a world famous ornamental plant, and the different species or cultivars may require different favor-able conditions, including planting substrate, light intensity, temperature and humidity for better growth performance. Begonia ningmingensis'Ningming Silver' is a newly released cultivar with high ornamental value and mar-ket potential. However, the suitable conditions of growing this cultivar have not been established. In order to screen the optimum substrate and light intensity for growing'Ningming Silver', the effects of four gradient light intensities (45%, 60%, 75% and 90% shading, respectively) and four types of substrates ( peat :perlite = 1 : 1, peat : perlite : pine bark = 1: 1: 1, leaf mold : perlite : pine bark = 1: 1: 1 and maize straw : perlite : pine bark = 1: 1: 1) on plant growth performance were evaluated in a potted culture experiment at a shadehouse of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Gar-den. The results showed that the leaf number, maximum leaf area, fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part, and dry mass of the underground part of'Ningming Silver' reached the highest at a treatment of 45% of light shading and sub-strate with equal proportion of leaf mold, perlite and pine bark. The lowest relative water content root/shoot ratio and the highest relative chlorophyll content also occurred in the same treatment. Therefore, 45%light shading and substrate with equal proportion of leaf mold, perlite and pine bark were the optimum conditions in this study for soilless culture of'Ningming Silver' , which will provide a good reference for commercial container production of this new cultivar.