Making connections in the inner ear: Recent insights into the development of spiral ganglion neurons and their connectivity with sensory hair cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;2. Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA;3. Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;4. Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA;1. Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;2. Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;1. Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA;1. Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States;2. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States;3. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States;4. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States;1. University of Louisville, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, KY 40201, USA;2. Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;3. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;4. Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA |
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| Abstract: | In mammals, auditory information is processed by the hair cells (HCs) located in the cochlea and then rapidly transmitted to the CNS via a specialized cluster of bipolar afferent connections known as the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Although many anatomical aspects of SGNs are well described, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their genesis, how they are precisely arranged along the cochlear duct, and the guidance mechanisms that promote the innervation of their hair cell targets are only now being understood. Building upon foundational studies of neurogenesis and neurotrophins, we review here new concepts and technologies that are helping to enrich our understanding of the development of the nervous system within the inner ear. |
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| Keywords: | Spiral ganglion Cochlea Afferent Hair cell Auditory Deafness |
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