Gender difference in 2-year mortality and immunological response to ART in an HIV-infected Chinese population, 2006-2008 |
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Authors: | Dou Zhihui Xu Jiahong Jiao Jin Hua Ma Ye Durako Stephen Yu Lan Zhao Yan Zhang Fujie |
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Institution: | Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. |
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Abstract: | BackgroundSince it was initiated in 2002, the China Free Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Program has been progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. As of December 31, 2009, a total of 81,880 patients in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities received free ART. Gender differences, however, in mortality and immunological response to ART in this cohort have never been described.ObjectiveTo understand whether women and men who enrolled in the China National Free ART Program responded equally well to the treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the national free ART databases from June 2006–December 2008 was performed. HIV-infected subjects who were 18 years or older, ART naïve at baseline, and on a 3TC regimen enrolled in the program from June 1 to December 31, 2006, were included in this study, then followed up to 2 years.ResultsAmong 3457 enrolled subjects who met the inclusion criteria, 59.2% were male and 40.8% female. The majority of the subjects were 19–44 years old (77%) and married (72%). Over the full 24 months of follow-up, the mortality rate was 19.0% in males and 11.4% in females (p?=?0.0014). Males on therapy for 3–24 months were more likely to die than females (HR?=?1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.06, p?=?0.0307) after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Compared to men, women had higher CD4+ counts over time after initiating ART (p<0.0001).ConclusionsOur study showed that women had an overall lower mortality and higher CD4+ counts than men in response to ART treatment, which may be attributed to adherence, biological factors, social, cultural and economic reasons. Further study is needed to explore these factors that might contribute to the gender differences in mortality and immunological response to ART. |
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