Fate of green plastids in Dinophysis caudata following ingestion of the benthic ciliate Mesodinium coatsi: Ultrastructure and psbA gene |
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| Institution: | 1. LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Republic of Korea;3. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA;1. Goethe University, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;2. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;3. Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;1. Center for Membrane Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas;1. Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center (ARUM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey;1. Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. The Fifth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;5. Electron Microscopy Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;6. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Phototrophic Dinophysis species are known to acquire plastids of the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia through feeding on the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum or M. cf. rubrum. In addition, several molecular studies have detected plastid encoding genes of various algal taxa within field populations of Dinophysis species. The trophic pathway by which Dinophysis species acquire plastids from algae other than the cryptophyte genus Teleaulax, however, is unknown. In this study, we examined the fate of prey organelles and plastid genes obtained by Dinophysis caudata through ingestion of Mesodinium coatsi, a benthic ciliate that retains green plastids of Chroomonas sp. Transmission electron microscopy and molecular analysis revealed relatively rapid digestion of prey-derived plastids. Following digestion of M. coatsi, however, photodamaged D. caudata cells having olive-green rather than reddish-brown plastids were able to recover some of their original reddish-brown pigmentation. Results further suggest that plastid genes of various algal taxa detected in field populations of Dinophysis species may reflect prey diversity rather than sequestration of multiple plastid types. Ingestion and digestion of prey other than M. rubrum or M. cf. rubrum may also provide nutritional requirements needed to repair and perhaps maintain sequestered T. amphioxeia plastids. |
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| Keywords: | Heterotrophy Plastid |
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