豫西黄土高原农作区鼠类群落动态：时空尺度格局的初步分析

本文分析了豫西农业生态系统中鼠类群落局部空间尺度的短期动态格局。在区域尺度上，该群落为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠型，群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关，丰富度的作用大于均匀度的作用。由于资源分布的斑块性，群落优势种和次优势种对环境变异的季节性反应不同，故群落的时空格局具有明显的变化。在农田中，群落在秋季分化为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型和大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠型，后者的生境斑块为单一的玉米田和油葵田；在作物轮作的格局下，群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关。在果园中，无论果树树龄和季节的变化，棕色田鼠的多度总是大于大仓鼠，即群落格局是不变的，而群落多样性与丰富度和多度之间均无显著的相关性。然而，灌溉可使大仓鼠与棕色田鼠的数量关系发生逆转，因此灌溉不仅影响果园中鼠类群落格局的分化，而且也将影响到农田中的这种分化。在一年弃耕地中，群落格局从夏季开始由棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型转化为大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠亚群落型；在第３年末演替结束时，多年生植物取代一年生植物成为优势种，大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠群落格局则趋于稳定。在此过程中，群落多样性和丰富度与均匀度均无显著的相关性。本研究结果还表明，异质性可导致农作区鼠类群落的多样性

DYNAMICS OF RODENT COMMUNITIES IN AGRICULTURAL AREA OF LOESS PLATEAU IN THE WEST OF HENAN PROVINCE:PRIMARY ANALYSES FOR THE PATTERN ON TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALE

It is on local scale and a short term that the dynamics of patterns of a rodent community in a agricultural ecosystem in the west of Henan Province in the centre of China is analysed. There was one Cricetulus triton Mcrotus mandarinus community in regional scale, in which the species diversity showed significantly positive correlations with the richness and the evenness, respectively and the correlation between the diversity and the richness was more noticeable than that between the diversity and the evenness. However, because of patchiness in the distribution of resources, the dominant rodent species and the sub dominant responded to variability of the environment in season individualistically which resulted in spatial and temporal patterns of the rodent community correspondingly. In the farmland, the rodent community subdivided into two patterns: M. mandarinus C.triton sub community and C. triton M. mandarinus one in fall, the latter was living in fields of cornor oil sunflower. Following the rotation from spring to fall, the rodent species diversity was significantly and positively correlated to the richness and evenness respectively, within those. Disregard of ages of apple tree and seasons, structure of the rodent community in orchards were stable in which abundance of M. mandarinus was all larger than that of C. triton, and the diversity has correlation neither with the richness nor with the evenness. However, it was irrigation in a few orchards that made the order of C. triton and M. mandarinus in the community such reversal that C. triton M. mandarinus sub community replaced M. mandarinus C.triton one. Of cources, the probability can be predicted that what happened in the irrigated orchards would similarly come to in the farmland if farmland would be irrigated. From summer of the 1st year of field abandonment, M. mandarinus C. triton sub community was becoming C. triton M. mandarinus sub community. When perennials replaced annuals as the dominant plant species by the end of the 3rd year of the succession, the C. triton M. mandarinus sub community was stable. During the succession, the rodent species diversity had no correlation with the richness and the evenness of the rodent communities, respectively. It indicated resulting from this paper that environment heterogeneity results in a diversity of rodent communities in agricultural area.