282例海洛因依赖者复吸原因调查分析

目的探讨海洛因依赖者复吸原因，并分析社会因素、心理因素和戒毒后稽延症状对复吸的影响。方法采用在北京大学中国药物依赖研究所编制的16项复吸原因问卷，调查282例海洛因依赖者吸毒、脱毒后复吸情况以及影响复吸的三方面因素。结果出现稽延性戒断症状（81．9％）、失眠（75．5％）是产生复吸的主要身体因素；消除心情烦恼（39．0％）、打发无聊时间（34．4％）以及再享受最后一次（32．6％）是产生复吸的主要心理因素；毒友影响（43．3％）、旧的吸毒环境又引发毒瘾（33．7％）是产生复吸的主要社会因素。讨论吸毒者的心理康复是预防复吸最重要工作的之一；加强对戒毒后回归社会人员的管理，建立家庭社区综合康复机制，是预防复吸的重要手段；加大在广大青少年人群中禁毒的宣传力度。

Epidemiological Study on the Relapse of 282 Heroin Addicts

Objective To study the relapse etiology of heroin addicts and analyse the effects of social, psychological and physical factors on relapse. Methods Heroin using, relapse after detoxification and main factors affecting relapse were fully investigated in 282 heroin addicts by using RFDA - 16 Questionnaire. Results Protracted Syndromes （81.9%） and insomnia （75.5%） are main physical factors of relapse; Relief from disturbance （39.0%）, boredom （34.4%） and desire for last use （32.6%） are main psychological factors of relapse; Peer influence （43.3 % ） and returning to original milieu （33.7 % ） are main social factors. Discussion Psychological rehabilitaion of heroin addicts, reinforcement in administration of heroin addicts after detoxification, and establishment of comprehensive rehabilitation mechanism in families and communities are all important means in preventing relapse. Additional attention should be paid in drug prohibition education among youths.