Light-evoked walking in crayfish: Behavioral and neuronal responses triggered by the caudal photoreceptor |
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Authors: | Ted W Simon Donald H Edwards |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 30303, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract: | The caudal photoreceptors (CPRs) of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) can trigger walking and abdominal movements by their response to light.1. |
In a restrained, inverted crayfish, illumination of A6 evoked a CPR discharge followed by leg movements and bursting from the abdominal tonic flexor (TF) motoneurons. Intracellular electrical stimulation of a single CPR at high frequency (80 Hz) evoked similar responses.
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Responses only occurred when a single CPR axon was driven at 60 Hz or more and outlasted the stimulus.
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CPR stimulation also excites the pattern-initiating network (Moore and Larimer 1987) in the abdomen.
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The axon of the CPR projects from ganglion A6 to the brain. Terminal branches occur in the subesophageal ganglion and the brain. A small descending interneuron is dye-coupled to CPR in the subesophageal ganglion.
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In animals with cut circumesophageal connectives, the CPRs can evoke walking and the abdominal motor pattern.
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The relationship of the abdominal motor pattern to walking is altered by restraint and/or inversion. In freely moving crayfish, the cyclic abdominal motor pattern is only observed with backward walking. In restrained, inverted crayfish, the motor pattern occurs with both forward or backward walking.
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Keywords: | Light evoked walking Crayfish Responses Caudal photoreceptor Procambarus clarkii |
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