吉林榆树周家油坊旧石器文化遗址

<正> 周家油坊在榆树县西南18公里,地理座标北纬44°43.5′,东经126°21′。这一带盛产第四纪哺乳动物化石。周明镇教授等曾经根据这里的大量化石材料编著《东北第四纪哺乳动物化石志》一书。记录了35种化石,并命名为“榆树动物群”或称猛犸象披毛犀动物群。但化石层位不清,都是从河中拣的,群众手里收集的或药店里买来的。另外,还有人类化石的发现,称为“榆树人”。也因层位不明和含氟量较低而被否定为古人类化石。此外,还有一件人工打击的石片发现,层位也是不清。为解决“榆树动物群”的层位问题和探索有关古人类活动的遗迹,我们于1977年10月在这里进行了小规模发掘。先后共发掘七个地点(图1)。除第三地点未获化石外,其它六个地点都出土相当数量的化石,共十二种。其中除虎(Panthera tigris Linaeus)外,其余皆不超出前人的记录。同时在第一、二、

A PALEOLITHIC SITE AT ZHOU-JIA-YOU-FANG IN YUSHU COUNTY JILIN PROVINCE

Zhou-jia-you-fang, a little village, is situated on the northen bank of a small branch of the Songhua river (Lat. 44°44'N Long 126°21'E). A paleolithic site was discovered in October 1977 by the authors and, some stone and bone implements was found there. These cultural remains of the ancient human consist of stone cores, stone flakes, stone points, stone scrapers and a spade made in a piece of Mammuthus tooth, a bone spear head, bone points, bone scrapers, bone digging instruments. Basing on the characters of these cultural remains, they are judged to belong to the early stage of the late paleolithic period.Almost all these cultural remains are laied together with the fossils of the Mammuthus-Co(?)ledonta Fauna.At first, most of these cultural remains were dug out from the Guxiangtun formation, which belongs to the late Pleistocene period, dated by the C_(14) determinations of the wood fossils from the Locality 1. in > 40,000 years B.P. and from the Locality 4 in 26,740 ± 735 B.P. or 26,100± 850 B.P.But on the other hand, some cultural remains, together with the mammalian fossils, were also put out from the middle holocenic strata, named Tantu formation. Four wood fossils from the Tantu formation at Locality 2 mark the following C_(14) dates:7,380±100 B.P., 7,300±100 B.P., 7,250±140 B.P., and 6,060±100 B.P. But a leg of a Coelogonta dug from the same locality is dated by the C_(14) determination in 31,800±900 B.P. It shows that, these cultural remains together with the mammalian fossils from the Tantu formation were removed from the Guxiangtun formation. So all the cultural remains found in this region should belong to a single culture of the paleolithic human. Perhaps, the masters of this culture lived between 40,000-70,000 years B.P.Mammuthus-Coelodonta fauna is a typical periglacical fauna.So it is known that, the masters of this culture had lived in the circumstance of a cold climate of the last glacial period. They have developed their shiny culture in bitter struggle against the bed natural conditions. They lived on hunting and collecting.